Symptoms of first diabetes

Diabetes mellitus is a progressive and disabled disease, which is a prevalence that greatly exposes doctors around the world.

This pathology can be attributed to the disease that is coordinated, as the main reason lies in the wrong lifestyle that modern people adhere to.

Timely diagnosis of diabetes gives the patient an opportunity to slow down the onset of severe complications. But it is not always possible to recognize the first signs of diabetes. This error is a lack of basic knowledge of the disease and the low level of patients who reveal medical help.

Attention! Diabetes mellitus is a chronic disease and does not exist.

What is diabetes mellitus?

Diabetes mellitus is a group of chronic endocrine diseases, a major manifestation that is a deficiency of absolute or relative insulin in the body and increases blood glucose. As a result of this disease, all metabolism is disrupted: protein, lipid, carbohydrates, mineral metabolism. Violations of acid balance are also observed.

According to statistical data, from 1 to 8% of people suffer from diabetes, but scientists suggest that the number of actual patients is larger. And this figure increases every year. The number of diseased diabetes of children is also growing.

Attention! Insulin is the only hormone that reduces glucose levels in the blood and promotes its absorption with cells.

Insulin is produced in pancreatic tissue by beta cells. Violation of this hormone formation due to damage or violation of its absorption by peripheral cells leads to the fact that diabetes begins.

Diabetes classification

Some types of diabetes are known:

• Type the first time called insulin -dependent. Thus, the failure of the main insulin hormone develops, leading to hyperglycemia. Often, the cause of this pathology is autoimmune damage to the pancreas.
• The second type, previously called insulin -dependent, but this definition is inaccurate, because with the development of this type, replacement insulin therapy may be needed. In this type of disease, the level of insulin begins to remain normal or even exceed the norm. However, the body's cells, first of all, adipocytes (fat cells), become insensitive to it, leading to increased glucose levels in the blood.

Attention! Factors that stimulate the onset of the disease are: severe stress, excessive physical activity, hormone imbalance, transmitted disease and other significant changes in the body.

Also distinguish:

• Sugar pregnancy diabetes (in pregnant women).
• Diabetes as a manifestation of genetic or endocrine pathology. In this case, diabetes itself acts as a symptom of the disease.

Three degrees of severity of the disease are distinguished:

• light;
• average;
• heavy.

The initial sign of diabetes mellitus type i

This type of disease is more frequent on young people and is considered genetically determined. It can be real at the beginning of children.

The first sign of type I diabetes is considered:

• There is a lot to increase appetite, there are many needs, but at the same time one does not gain weight or loses weight without energy and special physical diet. This is due to energy failure in the cell, the cause of reduced glucose absorption.
• Night urinary exceptions and increased daily diuresis, respectively, increased fluid consumption. Polyuria occurs with increased osmotic urine pressure due to increased glucose filtration into the urine.
• The appearance of severe thirst, as a result one drinks up to 5 liters of fluid daily. Polydipsy has several development mechanisms. The first is to add a water deficit due to polyuria, and the second is realized with osmoreceptor irritation in the hypothalamus.
• The emergence of acetone, the signs of acne scent from the mouth, urine has a bad apple odor. Acetonemia occurs when changing energy formation pathways from carbohydrates to fats under glucose deficiency in the cell. At the same time, the ketone body is formed, which is toxic affects the body. Symptoms such as abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting are associated with their influence.
• With the development of ketoasidotic conditions, the first symptom of the initial disease is a diabetes coma.
• Increased general weakness and increased fatigue due to impaired metabolism, starvation of body cells and toxic metabolism.
• Vision violations in the form of fuzziness and vague -Samar objects, conjunctiva redness and carving in the eyes.
• Skin itching, the formation of small erosion on the skin and mucous membranes, which does not heal for a long time.
• Excessive hair loss.

The first type of diabetes mellitus is characterized because it shows sharply, suddenly and often acute symptoms in the form of severe ketoacidosis until the coma is coma to repeat this diagnosis.

Early symptoms of type II diabetes

The second type of diabetes develops in more mature people, with weight loss or obesity. Their mechanism for pathological development lies in the fact that fat cells are overwhelmed with fat and increased size. As a result, the quantity and quality of the receptor to insulin changes, leading to uncertainty or resistance to hormones. In such cases, glucose is not absorbed.

In the early stages of the second type of diabetes, increased compensation in the synthesis of insulin insulin arises by the pancreas, but as the disease develops, the reserves are depleted and the absolute insulin system develops.

The feature of this disease is that the symptoms in the early stages of diabetes cannot see someone for a long time. Most people explain their deterioration of health by age -related changes, hard work, and not starting with diabetes. The appeals released on the disease are also explained by slower development and symptoms eliminated than type I.

REFERENCE! Often type II diabetes is diagnosed accidentally when applying other pathologies or preventive examinations.

Among the first symptoms of diabetes, the most common are as follows:

• Polydipsy is indicated by increasing the drinking regime by up to 4-5 liters a day. Severe wear like this is more frequent in mature patients. In old age, the inability of thirst is observed.
• Polyuria, especially the frequent impulse of urination is observed at night.
• Increase weight.
• Increased appetite especially for sweet foods.
• Increase weakness, drowsiness, fatigue.
• Itching -Skin itching, especially in perineum and genitals.
• Paresthesia and numbness in the lower limbs and palms are due to the development of diabetes neuropathy.
• Pain and fatigue in the foot during walking, rare hair lines, foot cooling due to vessel loss.
• Fururulosis, skin candidiasis and mucous membranes, long -term cracks infected, wounds, scratches. Other symptoms of the disease are: diabetes dermatopathy, bubble, xanthomes, lipoid necrobiosis, neurodermatitis. All of this is the result of the regeneration of the affected skin and reduces immune reactivity.
• Periodontal disease and recurrent stomatitis.
• Vision deterioration due to the toxic effects of high concentrations of glucose in the blood (retinopathy, cataracts). As a rule, with the second type of diabetes, eye damage occurs slower than the first.
• Delivery of urinary tract infections, in particular, pyelonephritis, due to hyperglycemia and glucosuria.

Signs of the beginning of diabetes in children

Often, types of iabetes mellitus are diagnosed during the development of acute complications in small patients - diabetes or ketoasidotic coma. Parents should pay attention if their child has frequent episodes of ketosis or cycling vomiting syndrome. This condition develops in many constitutions exposed to children's acetonymic syndrome. It is worsened by acute respiratory virus infections, infectious diseases and can cause dehydration due to vomiting. But this syndrome passes by itself as children grow.

If ketosis occurs under the age of one year or lasts longer than 7-9 years, endocrinologists should be examined. However, experts advise under the manifestation of acetonymia to pass a blood test for glucose.

The first signs of pathology in children are:

• Poliuria;
• Polydipsy;
• A sharp weight loss.

If the symptoms of this diabetes cannot be recognized, a child may develop ketoasidosis with such characteristic symptoms:

• abdominal pain;
• vomiting, nausea;
• dry skin;
• frequent breathing;
• dizzy;
• the odor of the acetone in the air, in the urine, vomiting;
• fatigue, drowsiness;
• Loss of consciousness.

IMPORTANT! If ketoacidosis symptoms appear, you should seek emergency medical help immediately!

The beginning of diabetes sugar in men

In the field of male genitalia with the disease, there are also changes caused by neuropathy and blood supply to the reproductive organs. Such symptoms are characteristic:

• reduced libido;
• impaired unstable erection;
• Infertility is caused by a decline in mobility and a viable number of sperm forms.

It is also often itchy in the genitals due to the irritating effects of the secret of sweat with high glucose concentration.

Diabetes disorders in women

Various signs of the disease are observed with damage to the reproductive organs of a woman:

• decreased sexual interest;
• irregular menstruation;
• dryness and itching -gatal mucous membranes of the genital organs, vaginal candidiasis;
• not pregnancy intake;
• infertility.

In pregnant women, diabetes sometimes occurs - pregnancy. Therefore, when observing a pregnant woman, the doctor must direct the woman in time for oral tolerance testing for glucose and regularly monitor general urine analysis to detect glucosuria.

What to do when identifying the symptoms of diabetes?

It is best to contact an endocrinologist who will tell you what exams you need to confirm the diagnosis. Laboratory exams include:

• Blood tests for glucose levels on an empty stomach:
• Oral test tolerance for glucose to detect pre -ancia;
• blood tests for glycosylation hemoglobin;
• Urine analysis for glucosuria;
• Urine analysis for acetone.

Laboratory and other instrumental methods are used to identify disease complications.

Therefore, it is necessary to be responsible for the health conditions to identify the first signs of diabetes in time.